Grade 4 multiplication running from single-digit facts up to 83 × 12, using place-value strategies. Eighteen problems, printable PDF with the key.
Three different problem sets — same skill, same layout, fresh numbers.
Solve each problem. Show your work in the space provided.
Using 83 × 12 from this sheet (Set A, problem 1). Each method below reaches the same answer, 996, by a different route; pick the one that makes the most sense to you.
Helps with bigger numbers: split them by place value and multiply the parts.
Step 1Split each number by place value: 83 = 80 + 3; 12 = 10 + 2.
Step 2Multiply to fill each box.
Step 3Add the boxes: 800 + 30 + 160 + 6 = 996.
Step 4So 83 × 12 = 996.
Helps you see every piece of a long multiplication before adding them up.
Step 1Split 83 into 80 + 3 and 12 into 10 + 2.
Step 2Multiply each part of 12 by each part of 83, starting with the ones.
Step 3Add the partial products: 6 + 160 + 30 + 800 = 996.
Step 4So 83 × 12 = 996.
Helps you catch place-value slips: round, estimate, then check that the exact answer is close.
Step 1Round each number to its first digit: 83 rounds to 80; 12 rounds to 10.
Step 2Estimate: 80 × 10 = 800.
Step 3Now work it out exactly: 83 × 12 = 996.
Step 4Compare: 996 is 196 away from the estimate of 800. An answer with a different number of digits from the estimate usually means a place-value slip.
There are eighteen multiplication problems here — one page to work, one page of answers to check against — and Sets B and C repeat the layout with different numbers. The numbers run as high as 95. Problems 7 and 13, for instance, are "91 × 2" and "95 × 3". Common Core 4.NBT.5 is the slot this page fills.
Grade 4 multiplication means two- and three-digit by one-digit products and two-digit by two-digit multiplication. Specifically, the problems practice grade 4 Multiplication Practice. To finish it, a student has to recall the multiplication facts quickly and accurately, without counting up to them.
Vertical format stacks the two operands over a rule with space above for regrouped digits; the 18 problems, problem 7, "91 × 2" among them, sit four to a row. Stacked factors put the partial products in columns, which is where the place-value shift in long multiplication lives.
Set A is the original sheet; Sets B and C redraw each problem with the same shape and recomputed answers. Where Set A's problem 10 is "38 × 4", Set B's is "29 × 3".
Give this vertical format uninterrupted. At grade 4, multiplication is where procedure and recall have to run at the same time, and eighteen problems done in fragments hide which of the two is the problem. Date the vertical format before filing it. Set C from six weeks later is the cheapest evidence you have that the multiplication stuck.
One mistake to watch for
The carried digit in long multiplication is added before multiplying instead of after. On this grade 4 vertical format, problem 4 ("45 × 12") is the kind of item where it shows.
The order of the two steps in each column has not been made explicit.
Say the two steps aloud for a few problems: multiply first, then add what was carried.
The same skill in the other formats available at this grade.
The same format one grade down and one grade up — the easier sheet is often the faster fix when this one is not landing.
No paywall and no account — download any set of this grade 4 multiplication vertical format, and the answers for all eighteen problems are in the matching key.
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